Machine tool



- March- 7, 1939. M; SAUPFV 2;149,7 1

MACHINE TOOL Filed Aug. 6, L193? 6 Shets-Shee't 1 IIIIII Fig.4 Il

14?. J14 4 L) a 6' 6 L.- E -4- v 1 1 13 1 29 I" 43 l 'l A I I 7' Jh'venlor: Mdx Sadpe by I ' Attorney March 7, 1939. M, SAUPE 2,149,791

MACHINE TOOL Filed Aug 6, 1937 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Jnventor: Max dupe by yaw March 7, 1939.

A M. SAUFE 2,149,791

MACHINE TOOL Filed Aug. 6, 1957 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 i m M Jnvemor: Max sa v \S by Aflome y Patented Mar. 1, 1,939 a a I H Z,149,79l

UNlTED STATES PATENT OFFICE," 2,149,791

MACHINE TOOL Max Saupe; Chemnitz, Germany, assignor to J. E. Reinecker, Aktien-Gesellschatt, (Tlhemnitz, Germany Application-Augusto, 1937, Serial No. 157,763

In Germany August 7, 1936 2 Claims. (01. s o-15 Y My invention relates to milling machines and proper sequence and direction, and that relative machinetools of kindred classes, in which mamovements of the rotary tool andpf the piece of chining operations. oi. various kinds, including work, likely to occur at the corners in lengthwise cutting, slotting, grinding,abrading, polishing and and crosswise direction simultaneously, are

so on are performed by rotary tools, and in which avoided. 5 v

the piece of work, fixed on the machine table, and To wit: By delaying one of the switching operathe rotary tool concerned'are cooperatively astions and working overtime at a corner of the sociated bytwo feeding devices adapted to feed work piece under treatment the rotary tool, for them in lengthwise and crosswise direction -rela instance a milling cutter',-willmake a deeper cut tively to each other. than at other places which is objectionable; while 10 The invention relates more particularly to imby feeding the cutter simultaneously in both 'diprovements in machine tools classified as above, rections temporarily at the corners bevelled edges with which-in addition to the ordinary and conor rounded comers instead of sharp ones are proventional kind of machining work-four corner duced, as indicated in dotted lines at i, z" in Fig. 9,

- work as it is briefly called hereinafter can be which is an equally objectionable feature. is

done to advantage namely the machining for in-. In his attempts to overcome the above described stance of a four cornered flange of a casting of difliculties and with the object of providing a rectangular cross sectional shape ina closed cycle wholly automatic machine tool for four corner of operations, or of other pieces of work prework the inventor first resorted to two separate s'enting four cornered portions. electric feed motors for lengthwise'and cross feed 20 The various objects of this invention and the and to a system of time switches, cooperatively advantages obtained will be better understood by connected through electromagnetic multiple way first reviewing the principal features of machine switches with the electric feed motors and the tools known in the trade, which are adapted. for main power circuit.

"four corner work. Said system of time and electromagnetic 25 There is a special type of milling machines switches however, proved to be unreliable in pracknown which are provided with but one single tice, namely, too complicated electromechanically, feed motor and two sets of mechanical power rather expensive and too difiicult to be supervised transmission devices under the operator's conand kept in proper working order by an operator 0 trol, including releasable couplings, reversing of average skill. gears, universal joints, connecting shafts and so The principal object of this invention is to overon for alternately coupling and uncoupling the come the various drawbacksand disadvantages feed motor and the respective feeding devices for inherent to known machine tools of the types delengthwise and crosswise feed and for timely rescribed by providing an improved electrically op:

versing the working direction oi the latter. I erated machine tool for four corner work, which With'ai'lother type of milling machines deis simple and inexpensive as to its electrical signed for four corner work there are two electric switching equipment, and which is automatic in feed motors provided, one for the lengthwise feed its action to such an extent that a single operand the other one for the cross feeding operation, .ator of ordinary skill can attend to and supervise 40 and also a system of electric switches" under the simultaneously several machines re-designed ac- 40 operator's control for alternately connecting the cording to this invention.

- feed motors with the-electric power circuit and One of the most salient featurm of the ina for reversing their direction of rotation. vention consists in the provision of selfacting As a matter of fact known to practitioners both electric switching means, so designed and contypes of milling machines oiier considerable dim-' trolling the feeding movements, that the difler- 45 culties as to their operation and supervision in ent sections of travel of the rotary tool, briefly as much as it calls for great skill, dexterity and called strokes in length wise and crosswise dithe closest attention on the part of the operator rection relatively to the piece of work will posito perform the various coupling, uncoupling, tively and instantaneously-namely without de- 0 switching and reversing operations at the relay at the corner points follow each other and so, 5 spective corners of the piece of work without dethat any irregular feeding movements, resulting lay and in the shortest possible manner. In pracfrom lengthwise and crosswise feeding simultanetice it is particularly difilcult for the operator to ously, are strictly avoided. I so speedily control the various feeding operations, Other objects aimed at by the invention and 555 that they follow each other instantaneously, in advantages obtained will become apparent to exdescription.

The nature' and scope of the invention are briefly outlined in the appended claims, and will ing the electric feed motors of a plano milling machine, redesigned according to this invention,

their connections with the main power circuit and the switches cooperatively interassociated with the table and tool supports'of the machine.

Figs. 9 and 10 are a plan and side view respectively showing a four cornered piece of work, having a lower and upper section, and the path of travel to be takenby a rotary milling cutter along said piece of work according to this invention,

Fig. 11 is a plan showing a cylinder block of a Diesel engine, of which the upper surfaces, marked by hatched lines, are to be simultaneously subjected to grinding, milling or other operations on a machinetool re-designed according to this invention,

Fig. 12 is a front elevation showing in a larger scale one of those spring loaded two way switches used in connection with machine tools improved according to this invention,=and their cooperation with a striker dog adjustably fixed at the table or tool support of the machine.

Fig. 13 is a. section on line A-A in Fig. 12.

Figs. 14 and 15 are side and front elevations respectively of a. milling machine of the column and knee tyfie, re-designed according to this invention and shown as another example.

The milling machine shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and redesigned according to'this invention is of the double horizontal or plano type and comprises:

(a) A work table I slidably 'mounted on the.

machine bed I2 for being reciprocated in lengthwise direction by a conventional feeding vdevice, not shown, and a reversible electric motor indicated at 3,"

(b) Two columns l3, l3, on which cross rails It, I4, supporting the tool carriers 2, 2' are slidably and adjustably mounted by means of screw spindles c, c,

Two reversible electric motors l, 4' for or erating the crosswisely acting feeding devices, indicated at I5, l5,

(d) Rotary milling cutters l6, l6, individually driven by separate electric motors through conventional power transmission gears not shown.

With the objects in view stated hereinbefore the above described milling machine is equipped according to this'invention with an automatic switching and multiple circuit control mechanism, so designed that for instance the four cornered upper faces l1, ll of a cylinder block l8 marked by hatchedlines in Fig. 11 or the likewise marked faces of a piece of work l8" shown in Figs. 9 and 10 can be milled or otherwise machinedin closed cycles of operations.

. To wit: Once the cylinderblock l8has been fixed on the machine table and the striker dogs ill,

29,30, 3| have been accurately set for timely cooperation with the switches 65. I, 8, 9, as described hereinafter in detail with reference to Figs. 3 to 8,-'and afterthe machine has been started to run 2,149,791 perts in this field in the course of the following by the attendant, the milling cutters I6, I 6' will proceed on their cross wise-travel in the direction of the arrows l9, l9; on reaching the turning points 20, while the cross feed is stopped,

the lengthwise motion of'thetable I in the direction of arrow 2| sets in; on reaching the turning points 22, 22'. the said lengthwise motion is stopped, while the-cross feeding motion of the milling cutters l6, I6 is restarted but in the reverse direction indicated by arrows 23, 23' until reaching the turning points 24, 24'; thereupon the table l alone will proceed in the direction of the arrows 25, 25, until the points 26, 26 have 1 been reached by the milling cutters l6, it, where the machine is completely stopped by the cooperation of dog 3| and switch '9 as described hereinafter with reference to Fig. 8.

In Figs. 9 and 10 another four cornered piece of work I8" is shown, which is to be worked upon by a milling cutter I6" of a different type, and by which the hatched horizontal surface and the vertical walls of the central portion are milled.

simultaneously and in a closed cycle of operations indicated by the arrows I9", 2|", 23", 25",

In the embodiment of the invention, diagrammatically shown in Figs. 3 to 8 the electric switching and multiple current controlling mechanism switch a: closed, as seen in Fig. 4, the said motors will run in clockwise direction, while with the switch as closed their direction of rotation is reversed namely anticlockwise as seen in Fig. 6,

(2) A secondary set of master switches as, m, which are electromagnetically operated and interconnected with the main power circuit R, S, T and motor 3 operating the lengthwise acting feeding device for the table I' in such manner, that with the switch aa closed, as seen in Fig. 5, the motor will run in clockwise direction, while with the switch 114 closed, as seen in Fig. 7, motor 3 will be reversed and run in anticlockwise direction, v

(3) Shunt circuits iii-ti, 82-h, 8a-ta, 84-44 energizing the magnets of said master switches (4) Two-way switches 6, I, 8 having contact makers, for successively making and breaking Y said shunt circuits: Switch 6 while being retained in its normal position by a spring (not shown) closes the circuit s1--t1 (Figs. 3, 4, 7 and 8) and will in turn close the shunt circuit Sit-t3 on being pushedaside by the striker dog It adjustably turn close circuit sz-tz on being pushed aside by the striker dog 29 (Figs. 6 and 7) Switch 8, while being retained in'its normal position by a spring (not shown) closes the shunt circuit s2.t2 (Figs. 3,4, 5 and 6) and will close circuit s4-t4 on-being pushed aside by the striker dog 30 (Figs. 7 and 8), v

. (5) Asingle-way switch of conventional de.-

(not shown) closes the circuit 89 t! (Figs. Band sign having a contact maker 9, whichwhilebeing retained in its operative position by a spring 7) and will open the latter on being pushed aside by the striker dog ll (Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 8),

(6) A manually operated primary switch for starting the machine, which comprises a handle 5 fulcrurned at 34, a contact maker '35 for cooperation with contact plate II, and an electromagnet, the armature o of which (Fig.8) is hinged to the contact maker 35; on closing the circuit si--t1 at ll (Fig. 4) electromagnet 'o is energized by an auxiliary circuit, indicated at 21,. 28, and will retain the primary switch in its operative position until the primary shunt circuit s1ti is broken at 6 by the striker dog l0 (Fig. 5),

(7) Another master switch diagrammatically indicated at 32, which may be provided; to advantage for closing and breaking the circuit at the operator's discretion in the branch conductor s.

The operation of the machine is as follows:

After the piece of work has been fixed on the,

machine table I, the striker dogs ,29, 3| forthe lengthwise feed control and when the dogs In, 30

- for the cross feed control areaccurately set into their proper position with regard to.-the length and-width of the four cornered faces to be mechined, the machine is ready for work, the various parts of the electric switching in chanism being then in the position shown in Fig. 3.

On turning the handle 5 of the primary switch in the direction of arrow 33 the shunt circuit s1-t1 is closed at H (Fig. 4), and the motors 4, 4 will now start to run in' clockwise direction so as to feed the milling cutters It, It in the direction of the arrows I9, l9 (Figs. 1 and 11), until reaching the corner points 20, 20; at this juncture the contact maker 6 is thrownaside by the'striker dog l0, (Fig. 5) with the result that the shunt circuit s1 t1 is broken, while concurrently the shunt circuit 33-h, is closed; motor 3 actuating the lengthwise feeding 'device of the machine will thereupon start running and feed the machine table I in the direction of arrow 2! until reaching the next following corner points 22, 22'; at this moment the contact maker I is thrown aside by the dog 29 (Fig. 6) with the result, that circuit s:-t: isbroken, while circuit 7 827712 is closed; the motors 4, 4 actuating the crossfeeding devices will thereupon resume their work but now running in anticlockwise direction (Fig. 7). since their, poles and, connections'with" the main conductors R. S, T have been changed by the master switch G2; on reaching the next following corner points 24, 24 the second crosswise travel of the tools IE, IS in the direction of arrows 23, 23 is abruptly stopped, while the machine table I starts on its second lengthwise travelin the direction of arrow 25 namely by the cooperation of the two-way switch 8 and the dog 30 (Fig. '7) whereby circuit Sz-t: is broken, while circuit s4--t4 is concurrently closed.

on reaching the turning points 26, 26' the machine is automatically stopped, by the interengagement of dog 3i and the single way switch 9, as shown in Fig. 8, but may be restarted repeatedly for the same cycle of operations by throwing the primary switch 5, 35 again into its operative position (Fig. 4)

Good results have been obtained with two-way switches of'the quick action type comprising:

(a) A roller M (Figs. 12 and 13) keyed to a ative positions, defined by stops 4|, ll, by means of a spring 38,- which is fixed to (0) Another double armed lever 36 fulcrumed at 31 and loaded by another spring 42; a stop 43 is provided forarresting said lever 39 in its operative position ready for engagement by the striker dog III, as shown in Fig. '12,. which is otherwise selfexplanatory.

Various changes and modifications may be a conveniently made in the structural details of machine tools equipped with the improved electric switching and circuit controlling system described, without departing from the spirit and the salient ideas of this invention.

Obviously the invention is not restricted to milling machines of the horizontal type shown in various classes, where instead of milling cutters other rotary tools for grinding, abrading, slotting, polishing and like machining operations are employed, and where two feeding devices are provided for feeding the piece of work and the rotary tool in lengthwise and crosswise direction relatively to each other.

Figs. 14 and- 15 show by way of another example a universal milling'machine of the column 'Figs. 1 and 2 but applicable to machine tools of and knee type,.the work table 8" of which can be fed in lengthwise and crosswise direction, and

I which is provided with two separate electric motors 3!, 4" for lengthwise and cross feed and with an automatic multiple circuit controlling system'designed' according to this invention: One

of the two-way switches, the single way switch described above and the striker dogs cooperating therewith for controlling the lengthwise feeding operation of the table I" being diagrammatically indicated at I", 9", 29'', 36'', while the other two-way switches and their striker dogs designated 6, 8, I 0, 30 h Figs. 3-8 and not shown in Figs. 14 and 15, are cooperatively associated with thecross feeding do is operated by motor d".

What I claim is:

1. In a milling machine, the combination with a reciprocable work table, of a tool support, reciprocable at right angles to the work table, and electrically operated feeding means for effecting a four cornered relative movement therebetween, namely a closed cycle of four'consecutive milling operations at right angles to each other,- said electrically operated feeding means being energized from a main circuit of alternating current and comprising two reversible electric feed other.

2. In a milling machine, the combination with a reciprocable worl: table, of a tool support, reciprocable at right angles to the work table, and electrically operated feeding ,meansfor efiecting a four cornered relative movement therebetween, namely a closed cycle of four consecutive milling operationsat right angles to each other, said electrically operated feeding means being ener gized from a main circuit of alternating current and comprising two reversible electric .feed motors for individually operating the feeding devices of the work table and the tool support respectively, and self-acting switching means for alternately and consecutively starting, stopping of the table 6'', whichway switches and a single-way switch for making and breaking said shunt circuits, striker dogs for successively actuating said two-way and singleway switches in a closed cycle .of operations, and a primary switch-underthe operators control for closing the first one or said shunt circuits and starting the first milling operation.

' MAX SAUPE. 

